ELK(Elasticsearch + Logstash + Kibana) 是一套开源的日志管理方案
Elasticsearch：负责日志检索和分析 Logstash：负责日志的收集，处理和储存 Kibana：负责日志的可视化 Logstash: The server component of Logstash that processes incoming logs Elasticsearch: Stores all of the logs Kibana 4: Web interface for searching and visualizing logs, which will be proxied through Nginx Logstash Forwarder: Installed on servers that will send their logs to Logstash, Logstash Forwarder serves as a log forwarding agent that utilizes the lumberjack networking protocol to communicate with LogstashReference： JDK - http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html Elasticsearch - https://www.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch Logstash - https://www.elastic.co/downloads/logstash Kibana - https://www.elastic.co/downloads/kibana redis - http://redis.io/download数据流流向如下Logstash-forwarder--->Logstash--->Elasticsearch--->kibana--->nginx--->客户浏览器其中Logstash-forwarder是客户端的日志收集工具将日志发送给服务端Logstash后Logstash通过使用grok匹配规则对日志进行匹配切割然后保存在Elasticsearch中最后通过kibana从Elasticsearch中读取数据并转交给nginx来处理后返回给客户。好了下面就是ELK系统的安装过程了。首先安装JAVA环境wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u65-b17/jdk-8u65-linux-x64.rpm"rpm -Uvh jdk-8u65-linux-x64.rpm
或者直接yum安装jdk也行不过要保证安装好对应的版本。
安装好jdk环境之后需要安装Elasticsearchrpm --import http://packages.elastic.co/GPG-KEY-elasticsearchrpm -ivh https://download.elastic.co/elasticsearch/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-1.7.2.noarch.rpm
修改配置文件如下
grep -v "^.*#\|^$" /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml network.host: localhostpath.data: /data/elasticsearchchown -R elasticsearch:elasticsearch /data/elasticsearch安装Elasticsearch插件
cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/ && ./bin/plugin -install mobz/elasticsearch-head && ./bin/plugin -install lukas-vlcek/bigdesk启动Elasticsearch
service elasticsearch startchkconfig elasticsearch on
测试Elasticsearch
curl http://localhost:9200{ "status" : 200, "name" : "Black Goliath", "cluster_name" : "elasticsearch", "version" : { "number" : "1.7.2", "build_hash" : "e43676b1385b8125d647f593f7202acbd816e8ec", "build_timestamp" : "2015-09-14T09:49:53Z", "build_snapshot" : false, "lucene_version" : "4.10.4" }, "tagline" : "You Know, for Search"} 然后开始安装kibana去https://www.elastic.co/downloads/kibana 找合适的版本每个版本下面有这么一行内容一定要注意这些内容Compatible with Elasticsearch x.x -- x.x这里选择的是kibana-4.1.3-linux-x64.tar.gz wget https://download.elastic.co/kibana/kibana/kibana-4.1.3-linux-x64.tar.gz tar xf kibana-4.1.3-linux-x64.tar.gzmv kibana-4.1.3-linux-x64 /usr/local/kibanacd !$grep -v "^.*#\|^$" /usr/local/kibana/config/kibana.yml port: 5601host: "localhost"elasticsearch_url: "http://localhost:9200"elasticsearch_preserve_host: truekibana_index: ".kibana"default_app_id: "discover"request_timeout: 300000shard_timeout: 0verify_ssl: truebundled_plugin_ids: - plugins/dashboard/index - plugins/discover/index - plugins/doc/index - plugins/kibana/index - plugins/markdown_vis/index - plugins/metric_vis/index - plugins/settings/index - plugins/table_vis/index - plugins/vis_types/index - plugins/visualize/index
配置文件中指明kibana侦听5601端口并且通过9200端口从elasticsearch里面获取数据
启动 Kibananohup /usr/local/kibana/bin/kibana -l /var/log/kibana.log &或者也可以看看下面两个脚本cd /etc/init.d && curl -o kibana https://gist.githubusercontent.com/thisismitch/8b15ac909aed214ad04a/raw/fc5025c3fc499ad8262aff34ba7fde8c87ead7c0/kibana-4.x-initcd /etc/default && curl -o kibana https://gist.githubusercontent.com/thisismitch/8b15ac909aed214ad04a/raw/fc5025c3fc499ad8262aff34ba7fde8c87ead7c0/kibana-4.x-defaultln -s /usr/local/kibana /opt/kibanagroupadd -g 1005 kibanauseradd -u 1005 -g 1005 kibanachown -R kibana:kibana /usr/local/kibanaservice kibana startchkconfig kibana on安装nginx
yum -y install epel-releaseyum -y install nginx httpd-toolsgrep -v "^.*#\|^$" /etc/nginx/nginx.confuser nginx;worker_processes 1;error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;pid /var/run/nginx.pid;events { worker_connections 1024;}http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $upstream_response_time $request_time $body_bytes_sent ' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for" "$request_body" ' '$scheme $upstream_addr'; # 修改日志格式是为了匹配后面的Logstash的grok匹配规则 access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log main; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 65; include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;} grep -v "^.*#\|^$" /etc/nginx/conf.d/kibana.conf server { listen 80; server_name ocean-lab.ocean.org; location / { proxy_pass http://localhost:5601; proxy_set_header Upgrade $http_upgrade; proxy_set_header Connection 'upgrade'; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_cache_bypass $http_upgrade; }} 启动nginx service nginx startchkconfig nginx on之后就需要安装Logstash了
rpm --import https://packages.elasticsearch.org/GPG-KEY-elasticsearchvi /etc/yum.repos.d/logstash.repo[logstash-1.5]name=Logstash repository for 1.5.x packagesbaseurl=http://packages.elasticsearch.org/logstash/1.5/centosgpgcheck=1gpgkey=http://packages.elasticsearch.org/GPG-KEY-elasticsearchenabled=1yum -y install logstash
Logstash 安装成功了 但是仍需要配置
生成 SSL 证书logstash和logstash-forwarder通信需要使用tls证书认证。Logstash Forwarder上面只需公钥logstash需要配置公钥、私钥。在logstash服务器上生成ssl证书。创建ssl证书有两种方式一种指定IP地址一种指定fqdn(dns)。1、指定IP地址方式 [本实验使用此种方式]vi /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf在[ v3_ca ]下面配置subjectAltName = IP:172.16.7.11# 切记这条很重要因为logstash-forwarder.conf 还需要 如果配置错误 就会一直无法实现认证cd /etc/pki/tls
openssl req -config /etc/pki/tls/openssl.cnf -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crt# 注意将-days设置大点以免证书过期。*** 如果logstash服务端的IP地址变换了证书不可用了 ***like that:2015/11/29 16:23:48.274974 Failed to tls handshake with 127.0.0.1 x509: certificate is valid for 172.16.7.11, not 127.0.0.12、使用 FQDN 方式不需要修改openssl.cnf文件。cd /etc/pki/tls** CN=FQDN **openssl req -subj '/CN=elk.suzf.net/' -x509 -days 3650 -batch -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout private/logstash-forwarder.key -out certs/logstash-forwarder.crt# 将 elk.suzf.net 换成你自己的域名。同时到域名解析那添加 elk.suzf.net 的A记录。配置logstashlogstash配置文件是以json格式设置参数的配置文件位于/etc/logstash/conf.d目录下配置包括三个部分 输入/输出和过滤器首先创建一个01-lumberjack-input.conf文件设置lumberjack输入Logstash-Forwarder使用的协议。cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/01-lumberjack-input.confinput { lumberjack { port => 5043 type => "logs" ssl_certificate => "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt" ssl_key => "/etc/pki/tls/private/logstash-forwarder.key" }} 再来创建一个02-nginx.conf用于过滤nginx日志 cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/02-nginx.conf filter { if [type] == "nginx" { grok { match => { "message" => "%{IPORHOST:clientip} - %{NOTSPACE:remote_user} \[%{HTTPDATE:timestamp}\] \"(?:%{WORD:method} %{NOTSPACE:request}(?: %{URIPROTO:proto}/%{NUMBER:httpversion})?|%{DATA:rawrequest})\" %{NUMBER:status} (?:%{NUMBER:upstime}|-) %{NUMBER:reqtime} (?:%{NUMBER:size}|-) %{QS:referrer} %{QS:agent} %{QS:xforwardedfor} %{QS:reqbody} %{WORD:scheme} (?:%{IPV4:upstream}(:%{POSINT:port})?|-)" } add_field => [ "received_at", "%{@timestamp}" ] add_field => [ "received_from", "%{host}" ] } date { match => [ "timestamp" , "dd/MMM/YYYY:HH:mm:ss Z" ] } geoip { source => "clientip" add_tag => [ "geoip" ] fields => ["country_name", "country_code2","region_name", "city_name", "real_region_name", "latitude", "longitude"] remove_field => [ "[geoip][longitude]", "[geoip][latitude]" ] } }} 这个过滤器会寻找被标记为“nginx”类型Logstash-forwarder定义的的日志尝试使用“grok”来分析传入的nginx日志使之结构化和可查询。type要与logstash-forwarder相匹配。同时注意将nginx日志格式设置成上面的。日志格式不对grok匹配规则要重写。可以通过http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/ 在线工具进行调试。多半ELK没数据错误在此处。grok 匹配日志不成功不要往下看了。搞对为止先。同时多看看http://grokdebug.herokuapp.com/patterns# grok匹配模式对后面写规则匹配很受益的。最后创建一文件来定义输出。 cat /etc/logstash/conf.d/30-lumberjack-output.conf output { if "_grokparsefailure" in [tags] { file { path => "/var/log/logstash/grokparsefailure-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}.log" } } elasticsearch { host => "127.0.0.1" protocol => "http" index => "logstash-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}" document_type => "%{type}" workers => 5 template_overwrite => true } #stdout { codec =>rubydebug }} 定义结构化的日志存储到elasticsearch对于不匹配grok的日志写入到文件。注意后面添加的过滤器文件名要位于01-99之间。因为logstash配置文件有顺序的。在调试时候先不将日志存入到elasticsearch而是标准输出以便排错。同时多看看日志很多错误在日志里有体现也容易定位错误在哪。在启动logstash服务之前最好先进行配置文件检测如下 /opt/logstash/bin/logstash --configtest -f /etc/logstash/conf.d/*Configuration OK
也可指定文件名检测直到OK才行。不然logstash服务器起不起来。
最后就是启动logstash服务了。service logstash startchkconfig logstash on然后就是配置Logstash-forwarder客户端了。安装logstash-forwarder
wget https://download.elastic.co/logstash-forwarder/binaries/logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpmrpm -ivh logstash-forwarder-0.4.0-1.x86_64.rpm
需要将在安装logstash时候创建的ssl证书的公钥拷贝到每台logstash-forwarder服务器上。
scp 172.16.7.11:/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/配置logstash-forwardergrep -v "^.*#\|^$" /etc/logstash-forwarder.conf{ "network": { "servers": [ "172.16.7.11:5043" ], "ssl ca": "/etc/pki/tls/certs/logstash-forwarder.crt", "timeout": 15 }, "files": [ { "paths": [ "/var/log/messages", "/var/log/secure" ], "fields": { "type": "syslog" } },{ "paths": [ "/var/log/nginx/access.log" ], "fields": { "type": "nginx" } } ]} 这也是个json个是的配置文件
json格式不对logstash-forwarder服务是启动不起来的service logstash-forwarder start连接到 Kibana创建index
当上面的所有都配置正确的话就可以访问kibana来查看数据了。
访问效果如下所示参考文档：